Superconductivity is the phenomenon in which a material losses all its
electrical resistance and allowing electric current to flow without
dissipation or loss of energy. The atoms in materials vibrate due to
thermal energy contained in the materials: the higher the temperature,
the more the atoms vibrate. An ordinary conductor's electrical
resistance is caused by these atomic vibrations, which obstruct the
movement of the electrons forming the current. If an ordinary conductor
were to be cooled to a temperature of absolute zero, atomic vibrations
would cease, electrons would flow without obstruction, and electrical
resistance would fall to zero. A temperature of absolute zero cannot be
achieved in practice, but some materials exhibit superconducting
characteristics at higher temperatures.
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