Introduction:
Wireless ad hoc network is a collection of
autonomous nodes or terminals that communicate with each other by
forming a multihop radio network and maintaining connectivity in a
decentralized manner. Since the nodes communicate over wireless links,
they have to contend with the effects of radio communication, such as
noise, fading, and interference. In addition, the links typically have
less bandwidth than in a wired network. Each node in a wireless ad hoc
network functions as both a host and a router, and the control of the
network is distributed among the nodes. The network topology is in
general dynamic, because the connectivity among the nodes may vary with
time due to node departures, new node arrivals, and the possibility of
having mobile nodes. Hence, there is a need for efficient routing
protocols to allow the nodes to communicate over multihop paths
consisting of possibly several links in a way that does not use any more
of the network "resources" than necessary.
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